Reti, Richard2555–Bogoljubow, Efim25901–0E01New York12New York02.04.1924
The Players Richard Réti (1889–1929) was born in what was then Hungary
but he later adopted Czechoslovakian nationality. Réti was one of the leading
figures in the "Hypermodern" school of chess, which revolutionized chess
thinking in the period after the First World War. The new ideas introduced by
the Hypermoderns had a particular impact on opening play. It had always been
accepted that opening play had three main objectives: to develop the pieces,
bring the king into safety and control the centre. This last had been taken to
mean occupying the centre with pawns, and the ideal central formation was
thought to be pawns on d4 and e4 with White, or d5 and e5 with Black. The
Hypermodern school held that central control was possible without the physical
occupation of the centre by pawns; instead, the pieces would exert control
from a distance. In keeping with this theory, Réti favoured openings
involving the fianchetto of the bishops (i.e. b3 + Bb2 and g3 + Bg2 with White,
and the analogous development with Black). From b2 and g2 the bishops would
exert an influence on all four central squares (d4, e4, d5 and e5). If Black
tried to occupy the centre with his own pawns, the idea was that the
persistent pressure exerted by the bishops would cause the enemy centre to
collapse, opening the way for White’s own pawns to advance in the centre
without resistance. These new theories proved controversial, and would never
have gained any credence had they not been backed up by practical successes.
Although Réti was one of the world’s leading players in the early 1920s, he
was never in a position to challenge for the world championship and his early
death deprived the chess world of one of its most profound thinkers. He left
behind two classics of chess literature (Modern Ideas in Chess and the
unfinished Masters of the Chess Board) and a collection of games bearing the
hallmarks of a great chess artist. The ideas of the Hypermoderns were
gradually assimilated into chess thinking; one of their theories which has
gained universal acceptance is that a pawn-centre which is insufficiently
supported by pieces is not strong, but weak. Many opening systems have been
developed with the specific purpose of luring the opponent into a premature
central advance; this over-extension is then punished by a vicious
counterattack. Efim Bogoljubow (1889–1952) was born the same year as Réti,
in Ukraine, but became a German citizen in 1927. Although his career was far
longer than Réti’s, his greatest achievements were also in the 1920s. His
best result was victory in the Moscow 1925 tournament, where he took first
prize by a massive 1½ point margin over a field that included all the leading
players of the time with the exception of Alekhine. This and other successes
led him to challenge Alekhine for the world championship in 1929, but he lost
decisively (+5 =9 –11). A second world-title match against Alekhine in 1934
again ended in defeat (+3 =15 –8). Although Bogoljubow continued to compete
with some success during the late 1930s, his results gradually declined,
although he won the German Championship as late as 1949. The Game The current
game, which won the first brilliancy prize at the extremely strong New York
1924 tournament, is one of the most elegant examples of Hypermodern opening
play. White’s opening appears modest, but its latent power is revealed when
Réti opens the position up and his bishops suddenly develop tremendous power.
Bogoljubow tries to free himself tactically, but is demolished by a refined
combination. 1.f3 d5 2.c4 e6 3.g3 f6 4.g2 d6 5.0-0 0-0 6.b3 e8 7.b2 bd7 8.d4! Auf diese Weise bekommt der Nachziehende Schwierigkeiten
mit der Entwicklung seines Damenläufers. c6 9.bd2 e4 Der von Bogoljubow
gewählte Zug führt zum Abtausch des Springers, aber das bedeutet nicht, dass
sich seine Lage verbessern wird. 9...b8 10.c2 a5 11.a3 b5 12.c5 e5 13.dxe5 xe5 14.d4 d7 15.e4 a4 16.b4 dxe4 17.xe4 c4 18.xc6!+-
1-0 Winants,L-Cosma,E/Cappelle 1993/TD (22) Ein Versuch des Nachziehenden
seinen schwachen Läufer c8 zu befreien wäre: 9...e5 aber danach folgt: 10.cxd5 cxd5 11.dxe5 xe5 12.xe5 xe5 13.xe5 xe5 14.c4 e8 15.e3
e6 16.d4! Und Weiß bekommt
einen kleinen aber dauerhaften Vorteil. 10.xe4 dxe4 11.e5 f5 12.f3!
Richtiger strategischer Zug. Wenn Schwarz schon seine Stellung im Zentrum
schwächt, muss man dringend das Spiel öffnen um den weissen
Entwicklungvorsprung auszunützen. exf3 13.xf3! c7 13...xe5 14.dxe5 c5+ 15.g2 d7 15...xd1 16.axd1± Nach dem Damenabtausch kommt der
Läufer c8 überhaupt nicht mehr ins Spiel. 16.e4!± Weiß hat grossen
oositionellne Vorteil. 14.xd7 xd7 15.e4 e5 Sonst folgt 16.e5 nebst
weiterem Durchbruch d4-d5 oder g3-g4. Nach dem Zug in der Partie scheint es
als ob der Nachziehende seine Probleme gelöst hätte. Aber Reti spielt eine
Reihe ganz feiner Züge, um die versteckten Möglichkeiten seiner Stellung
auszunützen. 16.c5! f8 17.c2! Weiß greift die schwarzen
Zentralbauern an. exd4 Schwarz ist in seinen Möglichkeiten gehemmt. Zum
Beispiel: 17...fxe4 18.xe4+- Und Schwarz verliert
einen Bauern. 18.exf5 ad8 18...e5 19.c4+ h8 20.f6! 19.h5!
Anfang eines genau berechneten entscheidenden Manövers, das schließlich zu
einem sehr schönen Schlag führt. e5 20.xd4 xf5 20...d5 21.c4 h8 22.g4 Und Weiß verbleibt mit Mehrbauer und besserer Stellung. 21.xf5 xf5 22.xf5 xd4 23.f1! d8 23...e7 24.f7+ h8 25.d5‼ f6 26.c8+- 24.f7+ h8 25.e8‼ Schönheitspreis des Tuniers.
Lessons from this game: 1) Central control is an important objective of
opening play, but this does not necessarily mean the occupation of the centre
by pawns; control can be exerted by pieces from a distance. 2) A single
badly-placed piece can poison one’s entire position. In this game Black
never really recovered from his handicap of an inactive light-squared bishop.
3) Stay flexible. Be ready to transform advantages from one type to another,
or to switch from positional play to attack. 1–0
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